Cognitive Science > Affekt, Selbst und Persönlichkeit > 3

Contents 1 "Fragen zu empirischen Untersuchungen" -> Stud.IP 2 Theses 2.1 Two distinct systems of social behavior exist 2.2 Parallel operation, impulsive system always active, reflective sometimes disengaged 2.3 Reflective system requires high amount of cognitive capacity, impulsive doesnt 2.4 Different types of relations in different systems: 2.5 There is a pathway from the impulsive system to behavior which may be activated by input from both systems (if input > threshold)

[edit] "Fragen zu empirischen Untersuchungen" -> Stud.IP

[edit] Theses

[edit] Two distinct systems of social behavior exist

• Based on different principles of representation, information processing
• Reflective system: Syllogismen, Regeln, Entscheidungsprozesse
• Impulsive system: Spreading activation
• Snapshot 2007-11-07 09-21-18

[edit] Parallel operation, impulsive system always active, reflective sometimes disengaged

• Automatic processing, association
• Refllective processes take place if accessibility of impulsive processes is high
• Snapshot 2007-11-07 09-22-23
• Experiment: Without explicit thinking, we can tell how related concepts/words are

[edit] Reflective system requires high amount of cognitive capacity, impulsive doesnt

• Distractions, extremely high/low levels of arousals interfere with reflective system
• Impulsive processes may control behaviour under suboptimal conditions
• Psi-Theorie: Aktivierung
• Experiment: Pendulum
  • Distraction + command not to let pendulum swing along x-axis: Pendulum swings strongly in x-axis
  • Association with "x-axis", negation not processed by impulsive system
  • Dual processing (Wilson)
• Experiment: Elderly concept
  • Words shown that relate to the concept "elderly"
  • Concept "slow" not part of these words
  • Time to elevator 13% longer than with control group
  • Concept activated, influences behavior
  • Similar experiment: Text describing slower action is read more slowly
  • Discussion: Learning by seeing errors vs seeing errors harmful to learning
    • If reflective system works, seeing errors may be effective
    • If reflective system inactive, spreading activation -> harmful

[edit] Different types of relations in different systems:

• Reflective: Semantic relations with truth values
• Impulsive: Associative links dependent on contiguity (Zusammenhang) and similarity

[edit] There is a pathway from the impulsive system to behavior which may be activated by input from both systems (if input > threshold)